The experiments were carried out on the muscle spindle (MS) that located onto the soleus muscle (SM) in the anaesthetized rats. After applying a mechanical slow stretch (SS) on the SM, the MS wasn't influenced by this stimulant and it was in a slack status. On the other hand, the MS has showed a dysfunction. The slack status of MS, it means, without electro-mechanical activity for MS that was observed in isolating MS. And this slack status of MS also was occurred by insufficient of γ-motor stimulation. With using the passive stimulating vibration on the MS-SM, again, the slack status of MS was observed. Of course, in this experiment, before that the MS was made up with passive vibration, firstly, the activation of MS was clearly observed by gs-activity. On contrary of the positive effect of  gs into MS, there wasn't a positive effect with gd-activity into MS. But, it's stated that, there was the resting discharge (RD) in the MS during slack status and the RD scale has been significantly acceptable. The MS-RD was created with both of the SS and especially by γs stimulation, though not with gd stimulation.However, it was concluded that, the changing of MS-activity could be caused with the changing length of SK.M. In this process, the MS respond was pertinent to gs-activity. Meanwhile, the activation of γs was followed by activity of MS- chain- afferent. It's seemed that, in this loop of nervo-muscular wasn't any place for activating of MS-bag fiber.

In this research, a method for producing gum tragacanth (GT) FIBERS is presented. Ribbon type GT of Astragalus Gummifer species were obtained from local production lands. The gum was treated with alkali to increase its process ability, and allowed to stand for a period of time to reach the proper viscosity and/or to “ripen”. Samples with different ripening times were prepared and their viscosities were measured to determine the effect of ageing time on viscosity. They were injected into a coagulation bath. Calcium chloride with different concentrations was applied as the coagulant agent. The consolidated samples were washed under different pH conditions. Finally, the mechanical properties of the FIBERS were measured and their scanning electron micrographs were taken. The results show that chemically modified GT can be processed into FIBERS with different qualities.

Background: This research is a descriptive study about training needs of MS patients who are members of Iran's MS Society and aims at presenting a proper training model for these patients in 2007.Materials and methods: In this study 174 patients referred to Iran's MS Society were chosen with simple randomized method from patients who fulfilled required criteria. Data were collected through questionnaire containing 4 parts. First part contained 16 questions about personal information, second part was about patients views to their training needs, third part contained 8 questions surveying patients willing to know more about the disease nature, and in the fourth part there were 41 questions about their training demands in relation with physical, psychologic, and socioeconomic categories.Results: The results revealed that the age range of most cases (26.4%) was between 32-39 years, 71.3% were female, 59.8% were married, and 27.7% of patients had a history of less than 3 years of being afflicted with the disease. The results related to the first part of the study showed that 39.1% of cases had high training needs. Findings revealed that as for the second part of the study, 0.6% of cases had high training requirements for knowing about disease nature. In relation to the third part, findings showed that 94% of cases had sexual dysfunctions and needed more training accordingly. The study findings in fourth part implied that 61.5% of cases had training needs about anxiety control methods. Findings in fifth part showed that 61.5% of cases required some training about difficulties facing in procuring medicine. Findings related to sixth part showed that there was significant relation between patients training needs about somatic issues and the education level (p=0.027). Also there was significant relation between training demands in psychologic category and the education level (p=0.003). There was significant relation between training demands in psychologic category and accepting the illness (p=0.035). There was significant relation between patients training needs about somatic issues and frequency of being hospitalized (p=0.004). There was significant relation between patients training needs about psychologic issues and frequency of being hospitalized (p£0.001).Conclusion: The final conclusion shows that some characteristics potentiate training requirements and there must be some more concern about somatic issues training needs.

Carbon FIBERS are fabricated from different materials such as special polyacrylonitrile (PAN) FIBERS, cellulose FIBERS and pitch. But PAN FIBERS are recognized as the most widely used precursor for the present-day manufacture of carbon FIBERS. The process of fabrication carbon FIBERS from special PAN FIBERS is composed of two steps including oxidative stabilization at low temperature and carbonization at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Today carbon FIBERS are still expensive because of the high price of their raw material (special PAN FIBERS).This study focuses on making carbon FIBERS from commercial PAN FIBERS (low price PAN FIBERS used in textile industry). The results shows that in case of conducting complete stabilization process, it is possible to produce desirable carbon FIBERS from commercial PAN FIBERS. With some changes in conventional procedure of stabilization in terms of temperature and time of operation, the desirable conditions of complete stabilization are achieved.